Mastering Blackjack Card Counting Techniques and Strategies
Intro
In the high-stakes world of blackjack, mastering the art of card counting can be the key that unlocks a realm of strategies and opportunities. This guide explores the delicate balance of technique, psychology, and ethics involved in card counting. Knowing the nuances behind each aspect not only sharpens your skills but can also reshape your experiences at the table.
Card counting is often perceived as a mystical skill reserved for a select few, but it’s fundamentally a matter of arithmetic combined with keen observation. Players who venture into the strategy of card counting find themselves engaging not just with numbers, but also with behavioral cues from other players and dealers. What’s often overlooked is that understanding the game mechanics lays the foundation for effective counting. In this guide, we will break down these mechanics, delve into advanced betting tactics, and discuss the importance of responsible gambling.
Throughout this exploration, the goal is to provide a comprehensive understanding of card counting that champions both skill improvement and ethical play. By the end, readers will have a robust grasp of how to approach blackjack, whether they are aiming for casual enjoyment or aspiring to compete at a higher level.
To start, let’s explore the various game strategies that underlie effective card counting.
Foreword to Blackjack Card Counting
Understanding the intricacies of blackjack card counting is essential for anyone who wishes to improve their game. Card counting is not just a trick you see in movies; it’s a legitimate strategy that can shift probabilities in your favor. Knowing how to count cards allows players to determine when the deck is rich in high cards, which increases their chances of winning. By mastering this technique, players can significantly tilt the odds as the game unfolds, making card counting a valuable skill in the competitive casino environment.
This guide will navigate through the fundamentals, strategies, and psychological aspects of card counting, ensuring both novice and seasoned players grasp its full potential. Whether you're hitting the casino floor or just studying up in your living room, a solid grasp of card counting can enhance your decision-making skills. It's about putting the odds in your favor while enjoying the game you love.
Understanding the Basics of Card Counting
Let's break down what card counting actually is. At its core, it involves keeping track of the ratio of high to low cards left in the deck. When the count is high, it suggests there are more high-value cards remaining, allowing players to increase their bets. Conversely, a low count signals caution, with a greater chance of low-value cards being dealt.
Most modern counting systems start with the assumption of a neutral count and assign values to specific cards: 2 through 6 are considered low and given a +1 value, while 10 through Ace are seen as high and assigned a -1 value. Cards 7, 8, and 9 are neutral and given a value of 0. This method of numeric assignment helps in easily keeping track of the ratios based on what has already been played.
With a bit of practice, players can maintain this count while keeping an eye on the action at the table. It sounds daunting at first, but it’s akin to second nature once you've put in the hours. A bit of mental gymnastics mixed with the thrill of the game brings added excitement.
The Importance of Strategy in Blackjack
Knowing the basics of card counting is important, but having a solid strategy in place is what separates the good players from the great ones. In blackjack, every decision counts; whether to hit, stand, double down, or split can change the outcome of the game. Without a strategy, even the best counting skills can fall flat.
Having a well-defined approach allows players to better navigate fluctuating situations. Tied to card counting, strategic play often involves adjusting your betting as your count rises and falls. For instance, when the count is favorable, a player might choose to increase their bets; when it's not, they pull back and conserve their bankroll.
Moreover, understanding the psychology of the game and the dealer’s behavior can provide another edge. Observing how cards are played and figuring out potential patterns can help players refine their strategies further. Likewise, managing one’s emotions and staying calm under pressure cannot be overstated. A clear mind enhances decision-making and ultimately paves the way for success.
"In blackjack, skill combined with strategy creates a distinctive approach to the game, making card counting not just about numbers, but about choices and instincts."
Ultimately, whether you are a casual player or someone who has serious aspirations in the blackjack scene, the interplay of card counting and strategic gameplay sets the stage for a more informed and engaging experience at the casino.
Card Counting Techniques
Understanding card counting techniques is essential for players wanting to enhance their blackjack game. These methods provide a systematic approach to keep track of the ratio of high cards to low cards left in the deck. Properly utilizing these techniques can significantly shift the odds in the player's favor, allowing for better decision-making throughout gameplay.
Mastering card counting isn't just about memorization; it's about developing a keen sense of your environment, maintaining awareness, and applying strategies that can adapt to various situations within the casino.
High-Low Method: A Popular Approach
The High-Low Method remains one of the most widely-used techniques among blackjack enthusiasts. This straightforward system assigns value to the cards that have been dealt. Cards numbered 2 through 6 are counted as +1, while 10s, face cards, and Aces are counted as -1. The 7s, 8s, and 9s are considered neutral and given a value of 0.
To effectively use the High-Low count, players maintain a running total based on the values assigned. When the running count is positive, it indicates that more high cards are left in the deck, which statistically favors the player. Conversely, a negative count indicates a higher proportion of low cards, shifting the advantage back to the house.
- Pros of the High-Low Method:
- Cons:
- Simplicity: It's easy to learn and implement during a game.
- Efficiency: Allows for quick calculations, aiding faster betting decisions.
- Suspicion from Dealers: A noticeable player may attract unwanted attention in a casino setting.
- Limited Effectiveness: It works best in a single-deck or low-pivot game.
KO (Knock-Out) System
The KO or Knock-Out system is a level-based counting technique that eliminates the need for true count conversion, making it a great option for beginners. Like the High-Low method, the KO system assigns values to cards, but its simplicity extends into the count itself.
In the KO system, cards 2 through 7 are valued at +1, while 10s and faces are at -1, similar to the High-Low system. However, Aces are counted as 0, which makes it unique. The key is that you don’t divide your running count by the number of decks remaining; you just use the running count directly.
Benefits of KO System:
- No True Count Needed: You don't have to adjust your running count based on remaining decks, simplifying the process.
- Solid Results: Many players find success using this method, proving its effectiveness over time.
Advanced Techniques: Wonging and Other Strategies
For players who have mastered basic card counting, advanced strategies provide even greater potential for profit. Wonging, named after Stanford Wong, refers to the practice of only joining a blackjack table with a favorable count and leaving when the disadvantage prevails. This strategic exit can sharply limit the player's losses.
- Wonging Mechanics:
- Challenges of Wonging:
- Observe the game from a distance and track counts before placing bets.
- Enter only when the count favors the player, maximizing winning opportunities.
- Train your eyes to gauge table condition, betting rhythm, and dealer’s mannerisms.
- Many casinos employ countermeasures against Wonging, such as switching up the dealers or shuffling the decks more frequently.
- May require extra stealth and patience to execute effectively.
In addition to Wonging, more experienced players might explore methods like Shuffle Tracking, where you predict the specific cards’ sequences from mixed decks. This requires exceptional memory skills and a deep understanding of the game, making it suitable for only the most dedicated card counters.
Utilizing Blackjack Card Counting Trainers
When it comes to honing your blackjack skills, particularly in the realm of card counting, the use of training tools can make a world of difference. Trainers not only facilitate learning but also help players gain confidence in applying strategies at the tables. The objective of utilizing these trainers is to cultivate a robust foundation that translates theoretical knowledge into practical prowess.
Overview of Card Counting Trainers
Card counting trainers serve as essential resources for both fledgling and seasoned players. They provide an interactive environment to practice techniques without the pressure of real stakes. These tools can range from simple apps to sophisticated software that emulates real casino scenarios.
Often, trainers will include features such as:
- Real-time feedback on your performance, allowing for immediate correction of mistakes.
- Customized drills that target specific areas of weakness, whether it’s maintaining the count, recognizing favorable situations, or applying betting strategies effectively.
- Variety of scenarios, giving users the chance to encounter different game dynamics, which is invaluable for preparing for actual gameplay.
These tools demystify the intricacies related to counting cards and make the learning process less intimidating.
Selecting the Right Training Tool
When diving into the world of blackjack training tools, evaluating your options is crucial. Not all trainers are created equal; some are more effective than others based on your level of experience and learning style. Begin by asking yourself a few key questions:
- What are my objectives? Are you looking to learn the basics or refine advanced techniques?
- How do I prefer to learn? Some people thrive in visual environments, while others benefit more from auditory cues or hands-on experience.
- What’s my budget? There are free apps available that can offer a solid introduction, as well as premium platforms that provide extensive features.
Once you have clarity on your goals, spend time researching various tools. Look for reviews, testimonials, and insights from seasoned players on platforms like Reddit and forums dedicated to gambling strategies. This investigative approach ensures that your choice will effectively complement your gaming aspirations.
Features of Effective Training Software
An effective card counting trainer should include several key features that enhance your learning and adaptability. Here are some standouts to watch for:
- Interactive Gameplay Simulations: This allows you to practice your skills in a setting that mimics real-world conditions, providing a realistic feel for the game.
- Progress Tracking: A thorough tracking system can measure your advancement over time, spotlighting areas where improvement is needed.
- Customizable Difficulty Levels: Adjusting the complexity can aid in gradually increasing the challenge as you gain confidence.
- Community Engagement: Platforms that have discussion boards or forums offer further learning opportunities through community advice, tips, and shared experiences.
Ultimately, utilizing blackjack card counting trainers can significantly bolster your competency and readiness at the tables. It's a handy way to invest in your game, ensuring that you're always a step ahead of the house.
Psychological Aspects of Card Counting
When it comes to card counting in blackjack, technical know-how isn’t the only game in town. The psychological elements, those behind-the-scenes factors of memory and emotional control, significantly impact a player’s success. It’s not mere mathematics when you place bets after counting cards; it’s a complex dance of mental acuity and emotional intelligence. The ability to maintain composure while staying sharp can make or break a player’s edge at the table.
The Role of Memory and Focus
Memory is the backbone of effective card counting. It’s essential to keep track of which cards have been dealt and calculate what remains in the shoe. However, this isn’t just rote memorization. Players need to develop a system, like the High-Low method, to help them remember information without breaking a sweat. Starting with a small number of decks can help when practicing this skill; it allows for manageable memory retention.
Moreover, focus plays an even more crucial role than most would think. Distractions can come from loud tables, the ambience of a casino, or even other players. Someone who has excellent analytical skills but lacks focus might miss key counts or become too anxious to act. Thus, creating an environment that facilitates concentration is vital. It could be as simple as choosing a quiet table or practicing mindfulness techniques to stay in the zone. Developing these habits allows players to maintain consistency in their performance, leading to more favorable outcomes in their games.
"Keeping a cool head while the deck heats up is as crucial as knowing how to count cards, and many find this the harder challenge."
Stress Management and Decision Making
The emotional rollercoaster that can come with blackjack is not to be underestimated. It’s easy to feel the heat — the highs of a winning streak and the lows of a tough loss. Stress management is essential to maintaining a strategic mindset. When the pressure mounts, players can find themselves second-guessing their strategies, leading to poor decision making.
One effective way to address stress in high-stakes environments is breathing exercises. These can help clear the mind and center one’s thoughts, allowing for better-composed betting decisions. Additionally, positive self-talk can mitigate anxious impulses. Instead of spiraling into doubt after a setback, a player could remind themselves of the bigger picture and their strategies.
Good decision-making is rooted in calmness rather than frantic urgency. Players who understand their emotional triggers and have coping mechanisms in place will find themselves making sound decisions more consistently. Protecting one’s emotional state is just as important as protecting one’s bankroll.
By understanding the psychological aspects of card counting, not only do players arm themselves with technical skills, but they also gain insight into the mental landscape of the game. This dual focus — on memory and emotion — creates a comprehensive strategy that can turn the tide in their favor.
Practical Application in Casinos
When it comes to playing blackjack, having a strategy in place is just as important as knowing how to play the game itself. This applies especially to card counting. Understanding the practical application of card counting in casinos allows players to navigate the game with a level of skill and confidence that can drastically affect the outcome. It’s not merely about the numbers; it’s about the whole dance of gameplay, opponents, and table conditions.
Integrating Card Counting into Gameplay
Sky-high counts can make or break a blackjack player's success. Integrating card counting effectively means synchronizing your mental calculations with your betting and playing strategy. However, this doesn’t happen overnight. Here are some key points to keep in mind:
- Start with the Basics: Before employing advanced strategies, a player must thoroughly understand basic blackjack strategy. Knowing when to hit, stand, double down, or split is crucial. The combination of basic strategy and counting gives players the edge.
- Practice Makes Perfect: Regular practice is a must. Whether you are at home or using online simulators, practicing card counting helps solidify your methods. It trains your brain to do the mental math quickly and accurately.
- Adjusting Your Bet Size: Card counting isn’t just about keeping track of the high and low cards; it’s also about knowing when to leverage your advantage through proper bet sizing. As the count rises, so too should your bets. If the count is favorable, consider increasing your wager. Conversely, reduce your stakes when the deck is against you.
- Remain Unpredictable: A successful card counter needs to maintain a low profile. It's essential to mix up your betting patterns. If you consistently increase your bets only when the count favors you, it can draw attention from the casino staff. Don’t make it easy for them to catch on.
- Stay Calm and Collected: High-pressure situations can throw even the most seasoned players off their game. It’s crucial to remain composed. Practicing mindfulness and focusing on your breathing during play can help keep you centered, ensuring that the abstract calculations don’t distract you.
Identifying Table Conditions Favorable for Card Counting
Even the most experienced card counters can struggle if the table conditions aren’t right. A player needs to cultivate the ability to analyze the environment and choose wisely. Here are some characteristics of favorable table conditions:
- Single or Double Deck Games: Favorable conditions often arise from single or double deck games. These formats make it significantly easier to maintain an accurate count compared to six- or eight-deck games.
- Less Traffic: Tables that are less crowded provide a quieter, less distracting environment. Additionally, lower table occupancy allows for a more focused atmosphere and provides better opportunities to observe the dealer’s play.
- Dealer’s Style: Some dealers shuffle more frequently than others. If you notice a dealer that tends to shuffle in a way that interrupts the flow, it may tilt the odds hardly in favor of the player. Understanding a dealer's style can help you decide when to stick with a table or move on.
- Table Limits: Finding a table with limits that match your bankroll is essential. Betting too high can lead to dissolving your stack quickly, while betting too low may not capitalize on an advantageous situation.
Important: Always evaluate the house rules; different casinos have varied rules that can impact card counting effectiveness, such as whether the dealer hits or stands on a soft 17.
Mastering card counting in practical situations is about being both strategic and adaptable. Players who recognize the synergy between gameplay technique and advantageous conditions can greatly enhance their chances of success in the fast-paced world of blackjack.
Legal and Ethical Considerations
Understanding the legal and ethical landscape surrounding card counting is vital for both casual players and seasoned gamblers alike. Knowledge in this area can help you navigate casino environments without unnecessary friction and maintain a clear conscience while engaging in strategic play. Recognizing the boundaries of legality ensures you operate within the law, while ethical considerations prompt you to reflect on the impact of your actions on the broader gaming community.
Is Card Counting Legal?
The question of legality is often where the waters get murky. Simply put, card counting itself is not illegal. It falls under the category of skillful play, akin to using chess strategies to outmaneuver an opponent. Casinos generally do not endorse such practices, and they reserve the right to refuse service to anyone suspected of employing card counting techniques.
To clarify:
- Skill versus Cheating: Many jurisdictions distinguish between skillful play and cheating. Card counting—as a strategic approach—doesn't involve any illicit methods or devices. That's a critical distinction.
- Casino Policies: Though not technically illegal, casino rules can vary widely. Some casinos might ask you to leave if they suspect you're counting cards, despite local laws supporting your right to play.
- Legal Cases: There have been instances where card counters faced lawsuits or bans. For example, in 2015 a group of successful card counters was litigated against for damages after being banned from a venue.
It's wise to understand the specific laws in your area or any jurisdiction where you plan to play. Online forums like reddit.com can be beneficial for insights into regional practices and anecdotes from fellow gamblers.
Ethical Implications of Card Counting
To dive into the ethics of card counting, it's best to consider this: How does your strategy affect others at the table, the casino staff, and the overall gambling environment? Here are some facets to mull over:
- Impact on Other Players: When you count cards, you may increase your odds, but what's the ripple effect on fellow players? Others might feel discouraged if they perceive the game becoming less about chance and more about analytical acumen.
- Casino Integrity: Gambling establishments rely on the house edge to maintain profitability. While card counting uses skillful methods, it can be perceived as undermining the fairness of the game, potentially leading to stricter policies.
- Personal Integrity: Reflecting on your motivations can shape your ethical stance. Are you playing for genuine enjoyment and challenge, or just to exploit a perceived advantage? Finding a balance between self-interest and community well-being can guide you toward a more ethical approach to the game.
“Card counting is indeed a grey area where skills meet casino interests. Always ensure you stay within personal ethics while playing smart.”
In summary, while navigating the legalities and ethics of card counting, it's critical to stay informed and reflect on both the letter of the law and the spirit of fair play. Balancing personal strategy with consideration for fellow players and casino policies can make the experience rewarding for everyone involved.
Common Mistakes in Card Counting
When diving into the world of card counting, it’s easy for players to stumble into pitfalls that can significantly impact their gameplay. Recognizing common mistakes is vital for anyone serious about enhancing their blackjack strategy. By understanding where players often go awry, one can better navigate the intricacies of this discipline, maximizing potential gains while minimizing losses. Here, we explore some of the most prevalent errors made by novice and even seasoned card counters.
Overconfidence and Its Consequences
Overconfidence can be a double-edged sword in blackjack. Many players, especially those who have had a few successful outings, tend to believe they have the game all figured out. This mindset can lead to poor decision-making.
For instance, a player might wager large sums based on a favorable count, pushing their luck without considering external factors like the dealer’s upcard or game conditions. This approach is akin to taking a blind leap off a cliff, expecting a safety net. Here are some reasons why overconfidence can be detrimental:
- Misjudging Risks: High stakes might sound thrilling, yet the actual odds can shift under pressure. A player might think they can win big but may overlook basic strategy adjustments that become crucial in certain scenarios.
- Ignoring Table Conditions: Every table has its unique dynamics. By overestimating their skills, a player might neglect to assess things like dealer tendencies, player behaviors, and even the specific rules of the house, all of which can alter the effectiveness of card counting.
- Neglecting Practice: It's not uncommon for confident players to skip training or practice sessions. They might believe that their current level of skill is sufficient, ultimately stunting their growth.
"A little learning is a dangerous thing; drink deep, or taste not the Pierian spring."
– Alexander Pope
While it’s easy to get caught up in the thrill of victory, maintaining humility and acknowledging one's limitations is essential for sustained success at the tables.
Neglecting Basic Strategy
Basic strategy forms the backbone of any successful blackjack play. It dictates the optimal way to play every hand based on the player’s total and the dealer's showing card. However, many card counters seem to overlook this crucial aspect, thinking that card counting alone is the golden ticket.
Failing to adhere to basic strategy can erode the effectiveness of card counting. Here’s how:
- Mistaken Assumptions: Beginners might assume that knowing the count is enough to make sophisticated decisions. However, without the fundamental principles of basic strategy, even a correct count won't lead to favorable outcomes.
- Inconsistent Decision Making: Players who skip basic strategy might find themselves making inconsistent decisions based on gut feelings rather than statistics. This inconsistency can make it challenging to leverage the advantages that card counting typically offers.
- Loss of Edge: Ultimately, neglecting basic strategy can wipe out the edge that card counting provides. If a player deviates from optimal plays, they can unwittingly give the house the advantage back, turning potential wins into losses.
Playing blackjack isn't merely about counting the cards; it's a delicate dance that involves both strategy and practice. Balancing this cocktail is key to crafting a winning formula that stands the test of time.
For more in-depth strategies, employees in the gaming industry or seasoned players might want to explore resources like:
- Wikipedia's Guide on Blackjack
- The Basics of Blackjack Strategy
- Reddit Blackjack Community Discussions
Understanding and learning from common mistakes can significantly elevate one’s game. With vigilance and dedication, players can circumvent these traps to maximize success at the blackjack tables.
Resources for Further Learning
In the pursuit of mastering blackjack card counting, the journey does not end with understanding techniques and strategies. Continuous learning remains a cornerstone for anyone serious about enhancing their skills in this arena. Resources for further learning furnish players with the knowledge needed to refine their craft and adapt to the ever-evolving atmosphere of both online and brick-and-mortar casinos.
These resources span across various formats, engaging different learning styles and ensuring that individuals can find something that resonates with them.
One significant benefit of exploring these resources is the breadth of information available. Players can gain insights not only from seasoned professionals but also from the latest trends and strategies employed in the ever-competitive landscape of blackjack. Additionally, the community aspect in some of these forums or study groups fosters an environment of shared learning, where players can discuss challenges and share successes.
When diving into further learning, it’s wise to consider a mix of books, online courses, communities, and even mentorship programs that may offer a more personalized touch.
Books and Manuals on Card Counting
Books and manuals serve as foundational texts for understanding card counting. When selecting materials, look for works by recognized authors who have proven expertise in cards or gambling. Books can often provide thorough explanations and nuanced details that other formats simply can’t.
Here are a few recommended titles:
- "Beat the Dealer" by Edward O. Thorp: A groundbreaking book that introduced card counting to the masses, though now a classic, still holds significant value in understanding basic principles.
- "Blackjack Blueprint" by Rick Blaine: This title covers modern strategies alongside the classic approaches, making it adaptable to both traditional and online casinos.
- "The Theory of Blackjack" by Peter A. Griffin: For those looking for a deeper mathematical understanding of the game, this book discusses the fundamentals of probability that underpin card counting systems.
Each manual tends to have a unique perspective or technique, making it beneficial to explore multiple sources. It’s also advantageous to revisit these materials periodically, as they can provide fresh insights that may have gone unnoticed during earlier readings.
Online Courses and Communities
In today’s digital world, online courses and communities have emerged as dynamic hubs for learning. These platforms not only offer engaging tutorials but also foster connections among learners.
Online courses can range from free videos to comprehensive, paid courses that include live demonstrations and interactive elements. The advantage of this format is that complex concepts can often be broken down into digestible segments, allowing for paced learning.
Communities, particularly on forums like Reddit or specialized Discord groups, provide opportunities for individuals to share experiences, ask questions, and refine their strategies. Platforms like Facebook also host groups where members can engage in discussions around tips, share resources, and provide moral support to one another in their card-counting journeys.
Epilogue
As we wrap up this comprehensive guide on mastering blackjack card counting, it becomes glaringly clear that this skill is a game changer in the world of casinos. While some may view it as merely a technique for winning, it's much more than that. It’s a meticulous art that merges strategy, psychological finesse, and sheer practice. Learning card counting is akin to acquiring a second language—initially daunting, yet profoundly rewarding once it becomes second nature.
Recap of Key Concepts
To solidify our understanding, let’s revisit the central elements we’ve discussed:
- Card Counting Techniques: We explored methods like the High-Low approach and the KO system, dissecting their mechanics and efficiencies. Each technique offers unique insights into the mathematical framework of blackjack.
- Psychological Factors: It’s not just about the cards; mental acuity plays a pivotal role. Memory retention and stress management are crucial for those looking to integrate counting into their gameplay smoothly.
- Practical Application: Recognizing favorable table conditions and applying strategies is where the rubber meets the road. It's not enough to know the theory; real-world application can make or break your success.
- Legal and Ethical Aspects: The fine line between strategic play and ethical considerations is understood and needs to be respected to ensure a smooth gaming experience.
All these facets blend together, demonstrating that card counting is less about luck and more about strategy, understanding, and most significantly, the savvy application of the skills learned.
The Future of Card Counting in Blackjack
As the world of gambling evolves, so too does the practice of card counting. With technological advancements, including the rise of online casinos and AI-assisted game strategies, traditional card counting must adapt. Many players now use software to train, analyze, and simulate scenarios that provide invaluable insights before they step foot in a casino.
Moreover, as casinos implement more sophisticated countermeasures against card counting, players will need to remain one step ahead, continuously refining their strategies.
Looking forward, it’s likely that we will see a greater emphasis on adaptability and flexibility in approach. The most successful players will be those who are observant, willing to modify their tactics based on trends within the gaming industry. Furthermore, the ethical implications of card counting will come under increased scrutiny as discussions around fairness and competition heat up. Players will need a firm grasp on these evolving conversations to navigate future challenges effectively.
Ultimately, as long as there is a deck of cards on a table, there will always be a place for card counters. Mastering blackjack card counting isn't merely a short-term endeavor; it’s a long-term commitment to sharpening one's skills, understanding the nuances of play, and embracing the continual learning process.
"In blackjack, knowledge turns the odds in your favor. It’s not just about cards; it’s about strategy and understanding the game at a deeper level."
For those who commit to this journey, the payoff can be substantial—both in terms of profitability and personal satisfaction. As the gaming landscape continues to change, the principles of counting will endure, evolving yet remaining rooted in skill, strategy, and sharp observation.
In closing, mastering card counting opens doors to enhanced gameplay, and with dedication and practice, anybody can elevate their approach to blackjack.
For anyone interested in furthering their knowledge and skill set, I encourage you to check out resources such as Wikipedia, Britannica, and engaging with communities on Reddit. The journey of a card counter is a fascinating one, and it starts with a single hand of cards.
